Aksumite Numismatic Bibliography A to G
For a bibliography up to 1995 see Munro-Hay S.C. and Juel-Jensen B., Aksumite Coinage, Spink, 1995.
The addendum below consists of items which are later, or were there described as "forthcoming" (here marked '+'),
or were omitted or are corrections. Those already published in the Errata in Spink Numismatic Circular,
March 1996, Vol. CIV/2, p.43 are asterisked.
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Anfray, F. and Godet E., 2012. Le site de Dongour, Axoum, Ethiopie - Recherches archéologiques,
Archaeology as History 3, ed. Ziegert, H. and Wendowski, M., Hamburg.
Chapter 6 pp.55-105 illustrates and describes the 37 Aksumite coins (three silver and 34 copper)
found in excavations at Dungur in 1966-8 (sic).
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Arslan, E.A., 1996. Monete Axumite di Imitazione nel Deposito del Cortile della Sinagoga di Cafarnao [Capernaum],
Liber Annuus (Studium Biblicum Franciscanum) 46, 1996, pp.307-316, pl.17-20.
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Basile, G., and Devoto, G., 1995. Il Santo Graal Ritrovato? Proposta di Lettura Antropologoco-Culturale
di una Moneta di Aksum, Bolletino di Numismatica 25, pp.225-246.
Interprets the architectural types on late Aksumite silver coins as referring to the Holy Sepulchre
in Jerusalem.
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Bausi, A., 2003. Numismatica Aksumita, Linguistica e Filologia,
Annali dell'Istituto Italiano di Numismatica 50, Rome, 2003, pp.157-175.
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Bausi, A., 2006. Il Denarius in Etiopia,
Dal Denarius al Dinar - l'Oriente a la Moneta Roma (Rome, 16-18 September 2004), pp.83-97.
A linguistic review of Aksumite monetary terminology.
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Bausi, A., 2017. Review (of Hahn and West 2016), Aethiopica 20, pp.287-8.
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Belai Giday, 1987. Aksumite Coins, Currency & Banking in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
The treatment of Aksumite coins is of no value.
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Blet-Lemarquand, M., Godet, E., and Hahn, W.R.O., 2001. Les Monnaies Axoumites d'Argent: Premiers Résultats
d'Analyse, Bulletin de la Société Française de Numismatique 56/6, June 2001, pp.86-8.
Preliminary results from the metallurgical analysis by neutron activation of 97 Aksumite coins (79 silver and
18 copper).
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Blet-Lemarquand, M., Gratuze, B., and Barrandon J.-N., 2009. Characterisation of the Gilding of Aksumite Silver Coins,
Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Archeometry 2006 (Cahiers d'Archeologie du CELAT 25), pp.29-35.
Analysis of the gilding on 27 silver coins shows the same composition as contemporary gold coins.
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Blet-Lemarquand, M., Téreygeol, F., Gratuze, B., and Barrandon J.-N., 2009. Technical Study of Fire-gilded
Aksumite Silver Coins: First Results,
2nd International Conference: Archaeometallurgy in Europe 2007: Selected Papers, pp.464-476.
Results of experiments carried out to understand the gilding methods used in Aksum for silver coins.
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Blet-Lemarquand, M., and Téreygeol, F., 2012. La Dorure au Mercure des Monnaies d'Axoum en Argent,
Comprendre les Savoir-faire Métallurgiques Antiques et Médievaux,
ed. Téreygeol, F., Paris 2012, pp.125-138.
Results of experiments carried out to understand the gilding methods used in Aksum for silver coins, establishing
the use of gold amalgam in general though not ruling out the use of gold leaf for the earliest kings.
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Breton, J-F., and Munro-Hay, S.C., 2002. New Himyaritic Coins from Aksum (Ethiopia),
Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 2002:13, pp.255-8.
The three silver coins include one type with an 'alif' that has only been found at Aksum.
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Breyer, F.A.K., 2005. Ein frommes Wort- und Schriftspiel auf einer Münze des Negus Gersem,
Aethiopica 8, pp.206-8.
Discusses the interpretation of the reverse legend on the copper coins of Gersem
(Aksumite Coinage types 148-9).
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Breyer, F.A.K., 2012. Das Königreich Aksum - Geschichte und Archäologie Abessiniens in der Spatantike, Darmstadt.
The coinage is discussed at pp.35-9.
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Breyer, F.A.K., 2016. Eon o Noe? Zur Lesung des Königsnamens Noah auf aksumitischen Münzlegenden,
Ethnographische Streifzüge: Festschrift fur Walter Raunig zum 80. Geburtstag,
ed. Müller, C. and Mergethaler, M., Dettelbach 2016, pp.11-17.
Argues for the interpretation Noe rather than Eon for the king's name on Aksumite coins.
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Browne, G.M., 1992. Replace author's middle initial E by M and page range "292-6" by "293-6".
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Callegher, B., 2007. Cafarnao IX - Monete dall'Area Urbana di Cafarnao (1968-2003), Jerusalem.
Describes at pp.51, 136, 161, 165 and illustrates at Plate XVI two Aksumite imitations (Aksumite Coinage
type 51) found in excavations at Capernaum, with further bibliography.
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Chojnacki, S., 2006. Ethiopian Crosses, A Cultural History and Chronology, Milan.
Surveys crosses on Aksumite coinage at pp. 96-101 and attempts a classification.
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Darley, R.R., 2014. Indo-Byzantine Exchange, 4th to 7th Centuries: A Global History, Ph.D.thesis, Birmingham University,
available at the University website.
See especially Chapter 4 'The Aksumite Empire', including 4.3a 'Revisiting the numismatic evidence', which critiques the accepted view
that the weight of the gold coinage follows the Roman model.
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Day (later Darley), R.R., 2011. Imitation in Aksumite Coinage and Indian Imitations of Aksumite Coins, Rosetta 9.5, pp.16-22.
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Dowler, A., 2018. The Interaction of Aksumite and Roman Gold Coins in South Arabia in the 6th Century CE,
Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 233, Autumn 2018, pp.5-20.
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Fiaccadori, G., 2005. Entries for "Ella `Amida", "Ella Gabaz", "Eon", "Esra'el" and "Hataz",
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Volume 2, D-Ha
(ed. Uhlig, S.), Wiesbaden, pp.259-62, 328-9, 386-7, 1046-8.
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Fiaccadori, G., 2006. 'Ella Gabaz/ ('Ella) Hetaza,
La Parola del Passato LXI, 2006, pp.115-41.
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Fiaccadori, G., 2007. Entries for "Ioel" and "Kaleb",
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Volume 3, He-N
(ed. Uhlig, S.), Wiesbaden, pp.179-80, 329-32.
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Fiaccadori, G., 2014. Entries for "Ousana(s) II" and "Ousas",
Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Volume 5, Y-Z, Supplementa, Addenda et Corrigenda, Maps, Index
(ed. Bausi, A.), Wiesbaden, pp.474-5.
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Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P., 1992-3. Jerusalem, Aksum and Aachen, Israel Numismatic Journal 12, 1992-3, pp.80-6, pl.18-9.
Discusses the architectural reverse types on the silver coins of Armah and Za-ya'abiyo la-Madhen Negus.
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Girola, G., 2002. Review (of Pedroni 1997), Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini CIII, 2002, pp.495-6.
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Girola, G., 2004. Due Lettere dall'Abissinia per Gaetano Cattaneo, Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini
CV, 2004, pp.559-66.
Two letters from Eduard Rüppel, one of 1832 from Massawa describing a gold of Gersem, the other of 1833 from Aksum
describing a gold of Aphilas.
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Girola, G., 2006. Monete Aksumite: Bilancio Italiano, Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini
CVII, 2006, pp.473-85.
Assesses the Italian contibution to Aksumite numismatics, including research, excavations and collections.
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Girola, G., 2008. Spigolature Aksumite, Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini
CIX, 2008, pp.547-52.
Describes a forgery of the small Aphilas gold and an Ouazebas copper halved in antiquity.
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Girola, G., 2013. Francesco Vaccaro, un "Italiano di Asmara" et le Monete di Aksum,
Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini CXIV, 2013, pp.309-21.
The life and times of the Aksumite coin dealer and collector Francesco Vaccaro (1903-90).
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Girola, G., 2018. Review (of Hahn and West 2016), Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini CXIX, 2018, pp.338-40.
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Girola, G., 2019. Temi Architettonici sulle Monete del Regno di Aksum,
Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini 120, 2019, pp.341-52.
Discusses the architectural motifs on the silver coins of Wazena, AGD and Armah
(Aksumite Coinage types 117, 125-6 and 151).
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Girola, G., 2021. Review (of Hahn and Keck 2020), Rivista Italiana di Numismatica e Scienze Affini CXXII, 2021, pp.390-2.
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[Girola, G.], 2023. Giuseppe Girola (1940-2022), Scritti di Numismatica, Polymnia 16
(ed. Perassi, C. and Rongo, M.), University of Trieste.
Reprints his articles including Girola 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013 and 2019.
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Göbl, R., 1970. Der kusanische Goldmünzschatz von Debra Damo (Äthiopen) 1940,
Central Asiatic Journal 14, pp.241-52.
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Godet, E., 1988. D'Axoum à Gondar - Monnaies et Manuscrits Éthiopiens de la
Bibliothèque Nationale.
Catalogue of an exhibition 1 Jul - 29 Oct 1988 to coincide with the Tenth Conference of Ethiopian Studies
in Paris. Describes 28 Aksumite coins from the Bibliothèque Nationale and two from private collections
at p.2-3.
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Godet, E., 1991. Add "1985-90" at end of title.
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Godet, E., 2004. Le Monnayage de l'Éthiopie Ancienne (Fin du IIIe Siècle - Milieu du VIIe Siècle
après J.C.), Doctorate in Archaeology, University of Paris, Sorbonne, 26 May 2004.
Publishes the 1452 Aksumite coins in the National Museum of Addis Ababa before 1981
(excluding a further 93 unidentifiable coins and 5 not seen),
with archaeological evidence from the sites where the coins were found: Axum, Matara and Adulis.
Discusses the typology of the coins.
Copyright © Vincent West 2001-23
This page is maintained by Vincent West. Last updated 15 Jun 2023