Aksumite Numismatic Bibliography N to Z
For a bibliography up to 1995 see Munro-Hay S.C. and Juel-Jensen B., Aksumite Coinage, Spink, 1995.
The addendum below consists of items which are later, or were there described as "forthcoming" (here marked '+'),
or were omitted or are corrections. Those already published in the Errata in Spink Numismatic Circular,
March 1996, Vol. CIV/2, p.43 are asterisked.
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Nawartmal, H. and L.: see Hahn 1998 and 1999.
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Noeske, H.-C., 1998. Zu den Gußimitationen axumitischer Bronzemünzen in Ägypten und Palästina,
Festschrift P. Grossmann (ed. Krause, M. and Schaten, S.), Wiesbaden, pp. 249-62.
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Overbeck, D., 1997. Eine aussergewöhnliche Goldmünze von Axum,
Numismatisches Nachrichtenblatt 12, pp. 599-600.
The gold coin of king MHDYS described by the director of the Staatlichen Münzsammlung, Munich.
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Pankhurst, R., 1986. Ethiopia and Sudan: Aksumite Currency, A Survey of Numismatic Research 1978-84, London,
Vol. II, pp. 691-3.
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*Pearce, N., 1831. The Life and Adventures of Nathaniel Pearce, written by himself during a Residence in Abyssinia,
from the years 1810 to 1819. Together with Mr. Coffin's Account of his visit to Gondar (ed. Halls, J.J., two volumes).
Vol. I, p.163.
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Pedroni, L., 1997. Una Collezione di Monete Aksumite, Bolletino di Numismatica 28-9, pp.7-147.
Catalogue of a collection formed around 1900 of coins found in or near Aksum. The collection consists of
408 Aksumite coins (11 gold, 156 silver and 241 copper), 8 South Arabian and 2 Roman,
all illustrated. It includes one new variety, no. 211, an anonymous Aksumite Coinage type 76
in silver. No works after 1993 are cited, in particular Aksumite Coinage.
For a review see Girola 2002.
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Pedroni, L. and Devoto, G., 2003. The Silver Coins of the Aksumite King Mehadeyos in the Light
of the Chemical-Physical Analyses, Aethiopica 6, pp.47-53.
Argues that one struck specimen of the MHDYS silver is a modern forgery and one cast specimen is ancient
and genuine.
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Phillips, J., 2016. Of Unspectacular Appearance Yet of a Certain Importance,
Studies in Honour of Enno Littmann. Akten der III. Internationalonen Enno-Littmann Konferenz, Berlin 2009,
(ed. Voigt, R.), Studien zum Horn von Afrika 4, Cologne, pp. 51-61.
Describes two Aksumite fragments of clay moulds found in 1906 which may be for coin flans.
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Phillipson, D.W., 1998. Ancient Ethiopia, British Museum Press.
The coinage is discussed passim, especially (with photographs) at pp. 51-2, 70-4.
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Phillipson, D.W., 2000. Archaeology at Aksum, Ethiopia, 1993-7, BIEA Memoir 17 (two volumes), London.
Appendix V pp. 500-503 in Volume 2 describes 58 excavated Aksumite coins (14 silver, 41 copper and three
uncertain), illustrating 8 of them. Their contribution to chronology is discussed at pp.485-6.
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Phillipson, D.W., 2005. Stuart Munro-Hay, 1947-2004,
Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 40:1, pp. 157-8.
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Phillipson, D.W., 2009. Aksum, the entrepot, and highland Ethiopia, 3rd-12th centuries,
Byzantine Trade, Farnham, pp. 353-68.
On the coinage see especially pp. 360-6.
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Phillipson, D.W., 2012. Foundations of an African Civilisation - Aksum & the northern Horn 1000 BC - AD 1300,
James Currey, Woodbridge.
For the coinage see especially Chapter 14.
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Price, V.: see West 2002.
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Prideaux, W.F., 1881: Replace "pl. X/8" by "pl. V/8".
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Rasile, M., 1988. Monete di Aksum a Gaeta (Perché?),
Il Ducato di Gaeta (secoli IX-XII) Pergamene e Monete di Gaeta, Catologo delle Mostra, pp.151-5, Gaeta.
A dozen or so Aksumite coppers which may have arrived at Gaeta in more recent times than the author suggests,
as the location is an Italian naval base. The use of Vaccaro illustrations is somewhat confusing.
The Gaeta copper coin reverse illustrated on p154 is not of MHDYS, but of an anonymous piece,
suggesting coins may not have been correctly attributed to MHDYS on p153.
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Ricci, L., 1999. Review (of Munro-Hay 1999), Rassegna di Studi Ethiopici 93, pp. 243-4.
For other reviews see Hahn 2000vii, Juel-Jensen 1999iv and West 1999ii.
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Russo, G., 2005. Una Nota sulla Monetazione di Aksum,
Colloqui di Numismatica, Bologna, Vol.1, pp.11-25.
Based on Russo and Russo 1989.
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Russo, G., Russo, F. and Davoli, M., 2004. Sulla Composizione delle Monete Aksumite in Lega di Rame,
Quaderni Ticinesi di Numismatica e Antichita Classiche, Lugano, Vol.XXXIII, pp.387-93, pl.I-II.
Metal analyses by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) of five Aksumite copper coins.
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di Salvo, M., 2006. Crosses of Ethiopia, the Sign of Faith - Evolution and Form, Mailand.
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di Salvo, M., 2009. Signum Crucis - La Più Antica Iconographia della Croce, in catalogue of exhibition
Nigra Sum Sed Formosa - Sacro e Belleza dell'Etiopia Cristiana, Venice, March 13 - 10 May 2009.
Discusses the development of the Aksumite cross, especially on the coins.
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Schindel, N., 2016. Numismatica Perso-Aethiopica, Der mehrfache Bildrand bei den Sasanid und in Axum,
Mitteilungen der Österreichischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft, Vol. 56/1, pp. 61-8.
Argues that the multiple rims on some Aksumite coins derive from their use on Sasanian coins.
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Sidebotham, S.E. and Wendrich, W.Z., 2002. Berenike: a Ptolemaic-Roman Port on the Ancient Maritime Spice and Incense
Route, Minerva, May/June 2002, Vol. 13/3, pp.28-31.
Fig.9 p.30 illustrates a copper coin of Aphilas (Aksumite Coinage type 13) found in excavations 1999-2000
at Berenike, Egypt.
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Sidebotham, S.E. and Wendrich, W.Z. (eds.), 2007. Berenike 1999/2000. Report on the Excavations at Berenike,
including Excavations in Wadi Kalalat and Siket, and the Survey of the Mons Smaragdus Region 2007,
Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California Press, pp. 209-10.
Fully describes and illustrates at Plate 8-14 the copper coin of Aphilas (Aksumite Coinage type 13)
first illustrated in Sidebotham and Wendrich 2002.
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Smidt, W.G.C., 2012. Geheimnisse aus Aksum und Nachbargebieten - Berichte aus der mündlichen Tradition
Nordäthiopiens über Münzfundorte und deren Bedeutung, Money Trend 11/2012, pp.182-7.
Discusses single find spots within the town of Aksum and its neighbourhood.
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Smidt, W.G.C., 2013. Stammte das Gold der Aksumiten doch aus Tigray?
- Lokale Traditionen widersprechen antiken Quellen, Money Trend 9/2013, pp.186-91.
Argues that gold was washed and mined around Aksum and in Tigray in Aksumite times, just as it is today.
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Vaccaro, F., 1967. Add "previously serialised as 'Tipologia Numismatica Aksumita', Italia Numismatica, 1966-7".
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Vismara, N., 1991. SNG Italia: Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche, Vol. XII,4, Iudaea-Bactria et India.
Catalogues at p.8 and pp.74-9 one gold and 23 copper Aksumite coins, noted in Aksumite Coinage under CS
(Castello Sforzesco, Milan) numbers. No.1 is of Ousanas Aksumite Coinage type 29, not of Aphilas.
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*West, V., 1983: add "and 7, p.222" after "pp.184-5".
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West, V., 1996. Review (of Aksumite Coinage),
Spink Numismatic Circular, April 1996, Vol. CIV/3, p.87.
For another review see Luegmeyer 1998.
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West, V., 1999. Ge`ez Legends on Aksumite Coins,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 159, Spring 1999, pp.5-6.
Read a copy of the article
The Ge`ez alphabet, vocabularies of words and names, and legends with translations.
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West, V., 1999ii. Review (of Munro-Hay 1999), Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 160, Summer 1999, p.8.
Read the review
For other reviews see Hahn 2000vii, Juel-Jensen 1999iv and Ricci 1999.
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West, V., 2001. Ge`ez Punctuation Marks on Aksumite Coins,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 166, Winter 2001, pp.4-5.
Ge`ez punctuation marks on the coins of Mhdys and possibly Hataz.
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West, V., 2001ii. The Early History of the British Museum Collection of Aksumite Coins,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 167, Spring 2001, pp.28-32.
The provenances of the non-Brereton coins in the British Museum.
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West, V., 2002. The Ashmolean Museum Collection of Aksumite Coins,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 171, Spring 2002, pp.9-11 and
172, Summer 2002, pp.27-9.
4 gold, 19 silver and 42 copper coins are published with their provenances.
The author's name is given incorrectly as Price in the first part.
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West, V., 2003. The Aksumite Coins in the Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 175, Spring 2003, pp.31-2.
2 gold, one silver and 9 copper coins are published with their provenances.
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West, V., 2003ii. An English Collection of Aksumite Coins,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 176, Summer 2003, pp.5-6.
Publishes 3 gold, ten silver and 28 copper coins in a private collection.
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West, V., 2004. A Gold Variety of Ezanas of Aksum from India,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 180, Summer 2004, p.4.
A new variety of Aksumite Coinage type 49 with a crescent above the obverse bust.
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West, V., 2005. A Variant Legend for Wazena of Aksum,
Oriental Numismatic Society Newsletter 184, Summer 2005, pp.8-9.
A variety of the copper of Wazena with the new Aksumite Coinage type number 119iii.
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West, V., 2006. Recent Research on Aksumite Coinage,
London Numismatic Club Newsletter, January 2006, Vol. VIII/9, pp.15-24.
A review of the gold coinage of Ousanas I, using 38 recorded examples to estimate the number of dies
and consider the metrology (talk given to the Club on 1 Feb 2005).
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West, V., 2007. Letters from Arturo Anzani,
Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 190, Winter 2007, pp.4-7.
Letters in the Bibliothèque Nationale Paris from Arturo Anzani to Claudius Côte.
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West, V., 2007ii: see [Juel-Jensen] 2007.
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West, V., 2009. Letters from Antonio Mordini,
Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 200, Summer 2009, pp.5-9.
Letters in the Bibliothèque Nationale Paris from Antonio Mordini to Claudius Côte.
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West, V., 2013. A Parcel of Coins of King Hataz of Aksum,
Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society 216, Summer 2013, pp.4-6.
Catalogues and illustrates 24 copper coins from a hoard found close to Aksum. Several of the obverse symbols have
not been previously recorded.
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West, V., 2015. Aksumite Coins, A Survey of Numismatic Research 2008-2013, Rome 2015, pp.529-30.
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West, V., 2021. Review (of Hahn and Keck 2020), Aethiopica 24, pp.279-81.
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West, V., 2022. East African (Non Islamic), A Survey of Numismatic Research 2014-2020, Warsaw 2022, pp.931-3.
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